Sumatinatha, also known as Sumati, is the fifth Tirthankara in Jainism. Tirthankaras are spiritual teachers who have attained enlightenment and guide others on the path to liberation (moksha). Here are some key points about Sumatinatha:
Life and Significance:
Historical Context:
- Sumatinatha is believed to have lived in ancient times, long before recorded history, during the third time cycle (Avasarpini) in Jain cosmology.
Parentage:
- He was born to King Megha Raja and Queen Mangala Devi in the city of Ayodhya. His birth is considered auspicious, bringing wisdom and prosperity, which is reflected in his name, Sumati, meaning “good intellect” or “wise thinking.”
Symbol and Color:
- Sumatinatha’s symbol is the goose, which signifies purity, grace, and discernment.
- His associated color is yellow.
Enlightenment and Teachings:
- Sumatinatha attained Kevala Jnana (omniscience) after a period of intense meditation and ascetic practices.
- As a Tirthankara, he re-established the Jain community and promulgated the principles of Jainism, including non-violence (ahimsa), truth (satya), non-stealing (asteya), celibacy (brahmacharya), and non-possession (aparigraha).
Nirvana:
- Sumatinatha attained Nirvana at Shikharji, one of the most revered pilgrimage sites for Jains.
Iconography:
- Sumatinatha is often depicted in statues and paintings in the lotus position (padmasana) or standing meditation posture (kayotsarga).
- His images typically include the emblem of a goose, which helps in identifying him among other Tirthankaras.
Worship and Festivals:
- Sumatinatha is worshipped by Jains, especially during religious festivals like Mahavir Jayanti, which celebrates the life of Mahavira but also honors all Tirthankaras.
- Special rituals, prayers, and offerings are made in his honor at Jain temples.
Temples:
- Numerous temples dedicated to Sumatinatha can be found across India, including prominent ones in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Karnataka. These temples are often elaborately decorated and serve as important centers for Jain worship and pilgrimage.
Philosophical Contributions:
- Sumatinatha’s teachings emphasized the importance of self-discipline, non-attachment, and the pursuit of spiritual knowledge.
- He is considered a vital link in the spiritual lineage of Tirthankaras, maintaining and propagating the doctrines of Jainism.
Sumatinatha’s life and teachings continue to inspire millions of Jains around the world, guiding them on the path of righteousness and spiritual liberation.
