Parshvanatha, also known as Parshvanath, is the twenty-third Tirthankara in Jainism. Tirthankaras are revered as enlightened spiritual teachers who guide followers towards spiritual liberation (moksha). Here are some key details about Parshvanatha:
Life and Significance:
Historical Context:
- Parshvanatha is believed to have lived during the second time cycle (Utsarpini) in Jain cosmology.
Parentage:
- He was born to King Asvasena and Queen Vamadevi in Varanasi (modern-day Uttar Pradesh, India). His birth was marked by auspicious signs and celestial events.
Symbol and Color:
- Parshvanatha’s symbol is the snake (dharma-chakra), symbolizing spiritual awakening and transformation.
- His associated color is blue.
Enlightenment and Teachings:
- Parshvanatha attained Kevala Jnana (omniscience) after intense meditation and ascetic practices.
- As a Tirthankara, he revived and propagated Jain teachings, emphasizing principles such as non-violence (ahimsa), truth (satya), non-stealing (asteya), celibacy (brahmacharya), and non-possession (aparigraha).
Nirvana:
- Parshvanatha attained Nirvana on Mount Sammeta (also known as Parasnath Hill), a sacred pilgrimage site for Jains.
Iconography:
- Parshvanatha is typically depicted in statues and paintings in the lotus position (padmasana) or standing meditation posture (kayotsarga).
- His images often include the emblem of a snake coiled around his body or a dharma-chakra (wheel of dharma), which helps identify him among other Tirthankaras.
Worship and Festivals:
- Parshvanatha is worshipped by Jains, particularly during Mahavir Jayanti and other important Jain festivals.
- Devotees conduct rituals, prayers, and offerings in his honor at Jain temples.
Temples:
- Temples dedicated to Parshvanatha can be found across India and other regions with Jain communities. These temples serve as important centers for Jain worship, meditation, and pilgrimage.
Philosophical Contributions:
- Parshvanatha’s teachings emphasize the path of non-violence, self-discipline, and spiritual enlightenment.
- His life and teachings continue to inspire Jains in their pursuit of ethical living and spiritual liberation.
Parshvanatha is highly revered in Jain tradition for his profound spiritual teachings and exemplary life, guiding followers on the path towards spiritual purity and liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
